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KMID : 0356820140300020053
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Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
2014 Volume.30 No. 2 p.53 ~ p.61
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Mechanism of Resistance and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of BRAF(V600E) Mutation Thyroid Anaplastic Cancer to BRAF(V600E) Inhibition Through Feedback Activation of EGFR
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Byeon Hyung-Kwon
Na Hwi-Jung
Yang Yeon-Ju
Park Jae-Hong
Kwon Hyeong-Ju
Chang Jae-Won
Ban Myung-Jin
Kim Won-Sik
Shin Dong-Yeop
Lee Eun-Jig
Koh Yoon-Woo
Choi Eun-Chang
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Abstract
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Background and Objectives : Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC) is a rare but highly aggressive thyroid malignancy that is associated with an extremely poor survival despite the best multidisciplinary care. BRAF(V600E) mutation is detected in about a quarter of ATC, but unlike its high treatment response to selective BRAF inhibitor (PLX4032) in metastatic melanoma, the treatment response of ATC is reported to be low. The purpose of this study is to investigate the innate resistance mechanism responsible for this low treatment response to BRAF inhibitor and its effect on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT). Materials and Methods : Two ATP cell lines, 8505C and FRO were selected and treated with PLX4032 and its drug sensitivity and effects on cell migration and EMT were examined and compared. Further investigation on the changes in signals responsible for the different treatment response to PLX4032 was carried out and the same experiment was performed on both orthotopic and ectopic xenograft mouse models. Results : FRO cell line was more sensitive to PLX4032 treatment compared to 8505C cell line. The resistance to BRAF inhibition in 8505C was due to increased expression of EGFR. Effective inhibition of both EGFR and p-AKT was achieved after dual treatment with BRAF inhibitor(PLX4032) and EGFR inhibitor(Erlotinib). Similar results were confirmed on in vivo study. Conclusion : EGFR-mediated reactivation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and MAPK pathway contributes to the relative insensitivity of BRAF(V600E) mutant ATC cells to PLX4032. Dual inhibition of BRAF and EGFR leads to sustained treatment response including cell invasiveness.
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KEYWORD
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BRAF, EGFR, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition, Thyroid anaplastic cancer
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